4月18日，國家能源(yuan)局下發《關于(yu)可再生能源(yuan)供熱(re)的意見》(征求(qiu)意見稿(gao))，此舉主要是為了充分(fen)發揮可再生能源(yuan)在取代分(fen)散燃煤(mei)供熱(re)方面的作用(yong)。

可再(zai)生能源供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)主要包括(kuo)地熱(re)(re)(re)能供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)、生物質(zhi)能供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)、太陽能熱(re)(re)(re)利用、清(qing)潔電力供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)等，其(qi)中(zhong)風電清(qing)潔供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖為(wei)(wei)間(jian)接(jie)熱(re)(re)(re)能利用，其(qi)余為(wei)(wei)直接(jie)熱(re)(re)(re)能利用。供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)是人民(min)生活和眾多生產活動的基本(ben)能源需求，在全球(qiu)終端(duan)能源消(xiao)費中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)占到50%左右，可再(zai)生能源供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)是供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)消(xiao)費的重要方式(shi)。

當前，我國居民供暖(nuan)以燃煤為主(zhu)。截至(zhi)2016年底，山西、山東、河南等(deng)省(sheng)份(fen)城市集中(zhong)供熱普及(ji)率80%左右，其(qi)中(zhong)，燃煤熱電聯(lian)產和(he)區(qu)域(yu)鍋爐房(fang)供暖(nuan)等(deng)占90%，可再(zai)生能(neng)源等(deng)清潔供暖(nuan)占10%。同時(shi)，農(nong)村供暖(nuan)基本以散煤取(qu)暖(nuan)為主(zhu)，農(nong)村是推(tui)進清潔取(qu)暖(nuan)、防(fang)治大氣(qi)污染難度(du)最大的區(qu)域(yu)。

我國可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)很(hen)大。研究測算，我國可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達30億(yi)噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤以上。地(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的資(zi)源潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)最大，據(ju)國土(tu)資(zi)源部2015年(nian)(nian)調查結果，全(quan)國336個地(di)級以上城(cheng)市淺層(ceng)地(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)開采資(zi)源量(liang)折合(he)7億(yi)噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤、全(quan)國中(zhong)深(shen)層(ceng)地(di)熱(re)(re)資(zi)源年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)開采量(liang)折合(he)19億(yi)噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤。全(quan)國可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)為能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用的農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)及農產品加工剩(sheng)余物(wu)(wu)、林(lin)業剩(sheng)余物(wu)(wu)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)、生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)與有機廢棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)等生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質資(zi)源年(nian)(nian)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)折合(he)4.6億(yi)噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤，其中(zhong)，利用農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)等農林(lin)廢棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)年(nian)(nian)利用潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)折合(he)4億(yi)噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤。風電(dian)等可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)按照10%電(dian)量(liang)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)利用計算2020年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)供(gong)(gong)暖5億(yi)平方米(mi)，折合(he)1500萬噸標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤。

近(jin)(jin)年來，我國可(ke)再生能源發展(zhan)勢(shi)頭(tou)較好。各地區通過開(kai)展(zhan)試點示范(fan)、財政補(bu)貼(tie)等方(fang)式推進清潔(jie)取暖(nuan)，新能源供暖(nuan)已有一(yi)定基礎。新能源供暖(nuan)面積(ji)在河北省超過7200萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米，山東省接近(jin)(jin)1億平(ping)方(fang)米，河南省約2600萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米，山西(xi)省約1200萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米。

各(ge)(ge)類可再生能源供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)方式增(zeng)長迅(xun)速，太(tai)陽能熱(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)長，風電(dian)清潔供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)與生物質能供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)在示(shi)范(fan)應用(yong)的(de)基礎上(shang)開(kai)始進入規模化發(fa)展階段，地(di)熱(re)(re)(re)能的(de)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)更呈現(xian)較快增(zeng)長，各(ge)(ge)地(di)因地(di)制宜開(kai)展了可再生能源供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)實(shi)踐。

從實地調研情況看，可再生能源供暖已具備可行性。目前，每戶居民年取暖費支付2000-3000元，收費標準一般為20元/平方米左右。空氣源熱泵在執行(xing)(xing)工商(shang)業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(按0.75元/千(qian)瓦時計算)時供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)成(cheng)本約34元/平方(fang)米(mi)，如執行(xing)(xing)民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格，供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)成(cheng)本可降(jiang)到20元/平方(fang)米(mi)左(zuo)右。中(zhong)深(shen)層地熱能供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)在執行(xing)(xing)居民電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(按0.5元/千(qian)瓦時計算)時供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱成(cheng)本約20元/平方(fang)米(mi)，均接近目(mu)前居民實際采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)收(shou)費。風電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)在輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)顯著降(jiang)低、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業提供(gong)(gong)(gong)一定比例低價(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的條件下，供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)成(cheng)本可控制在25元/平方(fang)米(mi)以(yi)內。如果清潔(jie)取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)進(jin)一步降(jiang)低，中(zhong)深(shen)層地熱能和熱泵供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)可與現(xian)行(xing)(xing)燃煤(mei)取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)費用(yong)基本相當。

可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)適合分(fen)布式利用，在解決農村地區(qu)清(qing)(qing)潔取(qu)暖、替代散煤方面可(ke)發揮重(zhong)要作用。因此(ci)，在同樣的支(zhi)持政策條件下，可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)供暖更具有優勢，在多種清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)取(qu)暖方式中(zhong)，應優先(xian)考慮可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)。